Data Package Metadata   View Summary

The Effects of Vegetation Composition on the Abundance, Species Diversity and Activity of Birds on the Jornada Basin,1997

General Information
Data Package:
Local Identifier:knb-lter-jrn.210121006.77
Title:The Effects of Vegetation Composition on the Abundance, Species Diversity and Activity of Birds on the Jornada Basin,1997
Alternate Identifier:DOI PLACE HOLDER
Abstract:

Changes in plant composition have the potential to cause disturbances in both structure and function throughout the ecosystem. One element of the ecosystem that can be affected is bird diversity and behavior. Certain species of birds depend more, or entirely, on habitats containing specific functional groups or species of vegetation. Habitat preferences in birds develop because of factors such as availability of food, nesting and perching locations, and cover.  Certain species of birds may be generalists while others use a small variety of plants due to strict habitat requirements. In this study we examine how different growth types of plants affect bird abundance, bird species diversity, and bird activity on the Jornada Basin. The experiment took place on the Biodiversity plots (25m X 25m)at the New Mexico State University Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center from June through August 1997. The site contained 6 blocks, each containing 8 treatments, including: control, perennial grass removal, reduced Larrea cover, reduced Prosopis cover, shrub removal, only a single dominant species of each growth form remaining, subshrubs removal, and succulents removal. The following data were recorded in each plot: species type, time spent in plot, type of vegetation utilized, presence of a pair or family group, and behavior. Behaviors recorded included perching, singing, calling, foraging on the ground, foraging in the vegetation, nesting , and preening. Birds were observed in each plot for periods of 35 minutes with a 10 minute acclimation period prior to the start of the observation period. The replications were done according to a predetermined schedule which was developed in such a manner so as to reduce sampling error as much as possible. This study is complete.

Short Name:JornadaStudy_121_biodiversity_bird_survey_data
Publication Date:2012-07-11
Language:English

Time Period
Begin:
1997-07-01
End:
1997-09-21

People and Organizations
Contact:Manager, Data (datamanager@jrn.lter@gmail.com) 
Creator:Huenneke, Laura (Jornada Basin LTER)

Data Entities
Data Table Name:
data_JornadaStudy_121_biodiversity_bird_survey
Description:
Data file information for the following Jornada data set: The Effects of Changing Vegetative Composition on the Abundance, Species Diversity and Activity of Birds in the Chihuahuan Desert
Other Name:
Bird Species Codes
Description:
Detailed Metadata

Data Entities


Data Table

Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-jrn/210121006/77/a61208e614f0e0ab254035457a7469b8
Name:data_JornadaStudy_121_biodiversity_bird_survey
Description:Data file information for the following Jornada data set: The Effects of Changing Vegetative Composition on the Abundance, Species Diversity and Activity of Birds in the Chihuahuan Desert
Number of Columns:11

Time Period
Begin:
1997-07-01
End:
1997-09-21

Table Structure
Object Name:JornadaStudy_121_biodiversity_bird_survey_data.csv
Size:1681
Text Format:
Number of Header Lines:34
Number of Foot Lines:0
Record Delimiter:\r\n
Orientation:column
Simple Delimited:
Field Delimiter:,
Quote Character:"

Table Column Descriptions
 block numberplot numbertreatmentnumber of birdstime in plot by family group-stime in plot by family member-snumber of bird speciesnumber of birds foraging on groundnumber of birds foraging in vegetationnumber of birds perchingspecies list
Column Name:block  
plot  
treatment  
indv_count  
time1  
time2  
spp_count  
fg_count  
fv_count  
p_count  
spp_list  
Definition:block number at BDPlot numberplot treatmenttotal number of individual birds seen in plottotal time (seconds) in plot by family group (Time1 is the total time in seconds that any bird spent in a particular plot. Time1 is different from Time2 in that if a family group was present, the young were not counted as individuals, (since they were probably just following their parent and not choosing that plot for any. For Time2, these young were counted as separate individuals. This is also true of pairs of birds. For Time1, they were counted as 1 total, and for Time2, they were counted as separate individuals.)total time in plot by family member (Time1 is the total time in seconds that any bird spent in a particular plot. Time1 is different from Time2 in that if a family group was present, the young were not counted as individuals, (since they were probably just following their parent and not choosing that plot for any. For Time2, these young were counted as separate individuals. This is also true of pairs of birds. For Time1, they were counted as 1 total, and for Time2, they were counted as separate individuals.)number of bird species seen in plotnumber of birds foraging on ground in plotnumber of birds foraging in vegetation in plotnumber of birds perching in vegetation plotspecies codes of birds in plot
Storage Type:string  
string  
string  
              string  
Measurement Type:nominalnominalnominalratioratioratioratioratioratiorationominal
Measurement Values Domain:
Definitionblock number at BD
DefinitionPlot number
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
Code1
DefinitionControl
Source
Code Definition
Code2
DefinitionPG; perennial grass removed; all perennial grasses removed, (Muhlenbergia, Dasychloa, Setaria, etc.)
Source
Code Definition
Code3
DefinitionRedL; reduced minus Larrea; dominant of each growth form removed, only subordinates remain; Larrea removed as dominant shrub
Source
Code Definition
Code4
DefinitionRedP; reduced minus Prosopis; dominant of each growth form removed, only subordinates remain; Prosopis removed as dominant shrub
Source
Code Definition
Code5
DefinitionS; shrub removal; all shrubs removed (Larrea, Prosopis, Ephedra, etc.)
Source
Code Definition
Code6
DefinitionSimp; simplified; only a single species (the dominant) of each growth form remaining, all subordinate species removed; plot contains only LATR, ZIAC, MUPO, and YUBA, ( Larrea, Zinnia, Muhlenbergia, and Yucca)
Source
Code Definition
Code7
DefinitionSs; subshrub removed; (Zinnia, Xanthocephalum, etc)
Source
Code Definition
Code8
DefinitionSucc; succulent removed; all leave and stem succulents removed (Yucca, Opuntia, etc)
Source
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min
Max
Unitsecond
Typereal
Min
Max
Unitsecond
Typereal
Min
Max
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min
Max
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min
Max
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min
Max
Unitnumber
Typereal
Min
Max
Allowed Values and Definitions
Enumerated Domain 
Code Definition
CodeBTSP
Definitionblack-throated sparrow
Source
Code Definition
CodeSCOR
DefinitionScott's oriole
Source
Code Definition
CodeLOSH
Definitionloggerhead shrike
Source
Code Definition
CodeCACW
Definitioncactus wren
Source
Code Definition
CodeWEKI
Definitionwestern kingbird
Source
Code Definition
CodeSCQU
Definitionscaled quail
Source
Code Definition
CodeGAQU
DefinitionGambel's quail
Source
Code Definition
CodeCRTH
Definitioncrissal thrasher
Source
Code Definition
CodeHUMMER
Definitionunknown species of hummingbird
Source
Code Definition
CodeBCHU
Definitionblack-chinned hummingbird
Source
Code Definition
CodeUNKN
Definitionunknown bird species
Source
Code Definition
CodeUNSP
Definitionunknown sparrow
Source
Code Definition
CodeHOFI
Definitionhouse finch
Source
Code Definition
CodePYRR
Definitionpyrrhuloxia
Source
Code Definition
CodeNOMO
Definitionnorthern mockingbird
Source
Missing Value Code:                    
Code.
Explmissing value
Accuracy Report:                      
Accuracy Assessment:                      
Coverage:                      
Methods:                      

Non-Categorized Data Resource

Name:Bird Species Codes
Entity Type:document
Physical Structure Description:
Object Name:BirdSpeciesCodes.txt
Size:8242
Externally Defined Format:
Format Name:text/plain
Data:https://pasta-s.lternet.edu/package/data/eml/knb-lter-jrn/210121006/77/7f777c456929e980fc780ed10afb9b76

Data Package Usage Rights

Data Policies

Objectives:
    The Jornada Basin LTER Information Management System (JIMS) provides protocol and services for data collection, verification, organization, archives, and distribution in accordance with recommendations and guidelines developed by the LTER Information Managers Committee (http://www.lternet.edu/data/netpolicy.html). 
Disclaimer:
    While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Jornada Basin LTER shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of data sets. 
Quality Assurance Policy:
    Data managers interact with researchers during the entire scientific process--from the initial planning of sampling designs and field data collection to archiving and distribution of data. The goal of data management is to build and maintain an archive of Jornada Basin LTER data files that are fully documented, error free, and organized in useful ways. Our protocol for data collection and processing seeks maximum interaction between researchers and data management personnel to avoid confusion and potential loss of data or problems with integrity of data; e.g., identification of historical site treatments that may impact a proposed study or incomplete data set variable descriptions. Site and Data Manager involvement begins during the Project Design phase with the completion of the Jornada Notification of Research form by the researcher prior to the start of work; this alerts both Site and Data Manager to the new study and potential LTER data sets. Upon initiation of a new study, the researcher completes Project Documentation that provides the second level of "metadata" documentation.

    In the Data Collection phase, the data manager helps researchers design field and laboratory data sheets that facilitate data entry and analysis. Prior to JIMS data entry the investigator completes Data Set Documentation to provide the metadata that fully describe the data set. Both Project and Data set documentation are provided with the data set when it is requested or obtained from our Web site. JIMS data entry programs error-check and verify data as they are entered. Computer files are subjected to further verification by graphing and/or error-checking programs, and/or examination by field investigators. Final quality assurance of the data rests with the investigator who submits data for inclusion in the Data Management System. Direct communication with the Site Manager, or through a collaborating JRN P.I., is used to encourage the timely submission of documentation and of data by researchers.

    Error-checked data files are stored with associated documentation files on the file server. Archived data files are maintained in ASCII format on 30-yr magneto-optical (MO) disks, portable hard drives, CD-R media, and DVD media to guard against loss of data access that can result from changing technology. This may also include proprietary binary format files to facilitate recovery of working versions. Image data are archived on 8mm tape. Routine tape data backups of the file server are done daily, weekly, and monthly. One set of off-site copies are maintained elsewhere on the NMSU campus of routine backup tapes, MO disks, CD disks, and DVD disks with a second set of MO, CD and DVD disks maintained off-campus in case of a catastrophe on campus. The final responsibility for quality assurance (both in data and documentation content) rests with the principal investigator who submits the data for inclusion in the Jornada Basin LTER Information Management System. To facilitate quality assurance, the data manag ement staff will provide copies of data and documentation submitted by a principal investigator to that investigator upon request.

    The final responsibility for quality assurance (both in data and documentation content) rests with the principal investigator who submits the data for inclusion in the Jornada Basin LTER Information Management System. To facilitate quality assurance, the data management staff will provide copies of data and documentation submitted by a principal investigator to that investigator upon request.
Policy on Submission of data:
    Data submission into JIMS is expected from LTER researchers, LTER collaborators, and their graduate students where data and information is derived from publicly funded research in the U.S. LTER Network, totally or partially from LTER funds from NSF, Institutional Cost-Share, or Partner Agency or Institution where a formal memorandum of understanding with LTER has been established. Other Jornada Basin researchers are encouraged to submit their documented data for inclusion within JIMS to provide them with an archived backup, ensure its longevity, and provide online access to encourage synthesis efforts. Minimally, for non-LTER associated researchers, we request that publications be provided of research conducted on the Jornada Basin.

    Initial documentation for a data set must be submitted to the Jornada Basin LTER data manager within 90 days of initiation of data collection. Documentation forms are available at http://jornada-www.nmsu.edu/site/dm/readme.php . These consist of Project Abstract and Data Set and Attribute documentation forms, which include objectives of the study, methods, as well as format and content of the data. All data collected during a calendar year should be submitted to the Jornada Basin LTER data manager prior to July first of the following year. First time data submissions must be submitted with updated standard Jornada Basin LTER forms previously submitted.
Data Access Policy:
    Data will be made publicly available no later than 2 years after submission of the data unless an earlier date is specified by the principal investigator. In the event that an extension of the 2 year period is necessary, the principal investigator may petition the Jornada Basin LTER Executive Committee for a longer protected period. Graduate student research data will be available online after degree completion and they have the opportunity to publish their research. 
Policies for re-use, distribution, or the production of derivatives:
    Data re-use, distribution and production of derivative products are governed by the LTER Network data policies (http://www.lternet.edu/data/netpolicy.html) in the spirit of having the potential to increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines. Appropriate citation, acknowledgement, notification and collaboration are outlined and recommended. No commercial redistribution of data and derived products are allowed.
Data Acknowledgment Policy:
    Please send notification to the Information Manager (datamanager@jornada-vmail.nmsu.edu) and Responsible Investigator(s) of the data sets you are downloading and your intended use. 
    Individuals and institutions utilizing data from the Jornada Basin LTER database are requested to place the following acknowledgment in any publication in which these data are mentioned:

        Data sets were provided by the Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. Funding for these data was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant DEB-0618210).

    Please send 1 copy of any publication that cites Jornada Basin LTER data to:

         John P. Anderson
         Jornada Experimental Range
         P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER
         New Mexico State University
         Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003

Keywords

By Thesaurus:
Research NetworksLTAR, LTER
LTER Core AreasPopulations
Jornada Data CategoryAnimal
Jornada Dataset Keywordsbehavior, breeding birds, desert birds, habitat preference, perching, singing, birds
Dataset Statuscompleted

Methods and Protocols

These methods, instrumentation and/or protocols apply to all data in this dataset:

Methods and protocols used in the collection of this data package
Description:

-Observations (using binoculars) of birds and their behavior were recorded on field data sheets.

Description:

The treatments consisted of plots of land (25m x25m) which had been altered by removing plant types in a systematic fashion. Species were removed based on plant functional group and species dominance within the community (control, perennial grass removal, reduced Larrea cover, reduced Prosopis cover, shrub removal, only a single dominant species of each growth form remaining, subshrubs removal, and succulents removal). Birds were observed in each plot for periods of 35 minutes with a 10 minute acclimation period prior to the start of the observation period. The acclimation period was meant to allow time for birds to settle and to orient the observer. Observations started at sunrise and ended between and 8:30 and 9:00 am. In all cases, observer movement was coordinated so as not to disturb other observers. Four observers participated each day, each observing a total of four plots. They watched (using binoculars) their assigned plot from a step ladder at the corner of the plot in order to get a better view of the entire plot. Also, in order to help the observers distinguish between adjacent plots, markers were placed around the perimeter of the plots. These markers were put in place the day before and then promptly taken down so that ecosystem function was not disrupted. An attempt was made to choose and place the markers so as not to frighten or attract the birds in any way. The following data were recorded in each plot: species type, time spent in plot, type of vegetation utilized, presence of a pair or family group, and behavior. Behaviors recorded included perching, singing, calling, foraging on the ground, foraging in the vegetation, nesting , and preening. Birds that simply flew over the plot or that landed on the plot boundaries were not counted. There were four replications over the course of ten weeks. The replications were done according to a predetermined schedule which was developed in such a manner so as to reduce sampling error as much as possible. In order to do this, the following were avoided: replications of the same plot at the same time of day, replicating all of the 6 similar treatments on the same day, and having the same observer do more than one of the replications of a single plot.

Quality Control
Quality Control Step 1: 
Description:

The data are a compilation of all observations of the 4 replicates over the entire sampling period across treatments and plots.

People and Organizations

Creators:
Individual: Laura Huenneke
Organization:Jornada Basin LTER
Contacts:
Individual: Data Manager
Organization:datamanager@jrn.lter@gmail.com
Metadata Providers:
Organization:Jornada Basin LTER
Web Address:
http://jornada.nmsu.edu/lter

Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Coverage

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to all data in this dataset:

Time Period
Begin:
1997-07-01
End:
1997-09-21
Geographic Region:
Description:Our study site is located in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, approximately 25 km northeast of Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA (+32.6 N, -106.7 W, elevation 1315 m). Annual precipitation is 24 cm and maximum temperatures average 13 C in January and 36 C in June. Our study site includes the 78,000 ha Jornada Experimental Range operated by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (http://jornada.nmsu.edu/), and the 22,000 ha Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC, http://chihuahuansc.nmsu.edu/) operated by New Mexico State University (http://www.nmsu.edu/).
Bounding Coordinates:
Northern:  32.7494871013Southern:  32.4731725883
Western:  -106.87288312Eastern:  -106.692716261
Altitude (meter):1315

Temporal, Geographic and/or Taxonomic information that applies to Data Table: data_JornadaStudy_121_biodiversity_bird_survey


Time Period
Begin:
1997-07-01
End:
1997-09-21

Project

Maintenance

Maintenance:
Description:

Sampling was done times from July to September 1997 -- Replication 1: July 1,2,3 Replication 2: July 15,16,17 Replication 3: July 24,25,26 Replication 4: September 16,17,18,19,20,21. This study is complete.

Frequency:

Additional Info

Additional Information:
 

From the stone pillars at the south entrance of the Jornada Experimental Range (USDA), follow the road west approximately 4 miles to the first (wretched) gate on the right (north). Go through this gate approximately one quarter mile, parking spot is on west side of road under power lines. The biodiversity site is on the right (east) side of the road across from the parking spot.

Other Metadata

EDI is a collaboration between the University of New Mexico and the University of Wisconsin – Madison, Center for Limnology:

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